Research Article
Impact of Knee Surgery on Growth in Adolescents: A Review of Epiphyseal Plate Considerations
More Detail
1 St. Johnsbury Academy Jeju; Seogwipo 63644, Korea2 Gyeonggi Suwon International School; Suwon 16706, Korea3 St. John's High School; Shrewsbury 10545, USA; * Corresponding Author
International Journal of Clinical Medicine and Bioengineering, 3(4), 2023, 1-7, https://doi.org/10.35745/ijcmb2023v03.04.0001
Published: 31 October 2024
OPEN ACCESS 105 Views 78 Downloads
ABSTRACT
It is necessary to apply methodologies for knee surgery and rehabilitation of adolescents so as not to influence their growth and development after surgery. As the rate of knee injury among adolescents in developed countries increases, it is important to minimize the risk to the epiphyseal plate for continuous growth and development. In this article, techniques are reviewed to understand how to avoid damage to the epiphyseal plate and help the adolescent patient return to normal life in the shortest time without complications. Excellent techniques are used with widely used rehabilitation methods but long-term and longitudinal studies are still needed to observe the growth and development after knee surgery. Enough number of sample cases also needs to be secured to generalize the results, while the biological mechanisms causing growth disturbances after knee surgery must be verified. It is still necessary to conduct longitudinal studies to observe the growth and development after knee surgery. The biological mechanisms causing growth disturbances after knee surgery also need to be studied. Based on the results, medical practices for surgery and rehabilitation in adolescents can be standardized to improve the quality of treatment after knee surgery of adolescents.
CITATION (APA)
Park, J. H., Yoo, D., & Nam, D. (2023). Impact of Knee Surgery on Growth in Adolescents: A Review of Epiphyseal Plate Considerations. International Journal of Clinical Medicine and Bioengineering, 3(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.35745/ijcmb2023v03.04.0001
REFERENCES
- Verywell Health. Available online: https://www.verywellhealth.com/knee-anatomy-2549239. (accessed on August 09, 2024).
- Nagai, Kanto; Nakanishi, Yuta; Kamada, Kohei; Hoshino, Yuichi; Kuroda, Ryosuke. Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Collateral Ligaments of the Knee. In Orthopaedic Biomechanics in Sports Medicine; Koh, Jason; Zaffagnini, Stefano; Kuroda, Ryosuke; Longo, Umile Giuseppe; Amirouche, Farid, Eds.; Springer, Berlin: Germany. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81549-3_24.
- Kenhub. Knee joint. Available online: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-knee-joint. (accessed on August 09, 2024).
- McNally, Euegene; Thompson, Graeme. (2020). Knee: Ligaments and Tendons. In Imaging of Orthopedic Sports Injuries. Medical Radiology; Vanhoenacker, Flip. M.; Maas, Mario; Gielen, Jan.L.M.A., Eds.; Springer, Berlin: Germany. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2020_255.
- Kang, Yunkang; Liu, Chunlong; Ji, Yuncong; Zhang, Haoran; Wang, Yanbo; Bi, Wenzhi; Xu, Jian; Guo, Biao. The burden of knee osteoarthritis worldwide, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2019, along with an analysis of cross-national inequalities. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2024, 144, 2731–2743. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00402-024-05250-4.
- Medical News Today. Ten common Knee Injuries and Treatment. Available online: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319324 (accessed on October 25, 2024).
- MacDonald, James; Rodenberg, Richard; Sweeney, Emily. Acute Knee Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Review. JAMA Pediatrics 2021, 175, 624–630. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6130.
- Up To Date. Available online: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-acute-knee-pain-and-injury-in-children-and-skeletally-immature-adolescents. (accessed on August 09, 2024).
- OECD Library. Health at a Glance 2023. Available online: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/health-at-a-glance-2023_e1a77af6-en. (accessed on August 09, 2024).
- Timothy Molloy, Yao Wang & George A. C. Murrell (2012). The Role of Ligament Surgery in the Growth and Development of Adolescents. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2012, 94, 1003–1010. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333050-00004.
- Erikson, E. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in Children and Adolescents. Orthopedic Clinics of North America 2006, 46, 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0153-3.
- Hoetzel, Jörg; Preiss, Achim; Heitmann, Maximilian; Frosch, Karl-Heinz. Knee injuries in children and adolescents. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 2014, 23–36.
- Migliorini, Filippo; Pilone, Marco; Memminger, Michael Kurt; Eschweiler, Jörg; Giorgino, Riccardo; Maffulli, Nicola. All-epiphyseal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction yields superior sports performances than the trans-epiphyseal technique in skeletally immature patients: a systematic review. Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2024, 25, 7. https://jorthoptraumatol.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s10195-024-00751-9.
- Ishibashi, Yasuyuki; Sasaki, Shizuka; Sasaki, Eiji; Kimura, Yuka; Yamamoto, Yuji; Tsuda, Eiichi . All-Epiphyseal Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction for Skeletally Immature Patients. Arthroscopy Techniques 2000, 9(12), 21993–e2000. https://www.arthroscopytechniques.org/article/S2212-6287%2820%2930233-4/pdf.
- Melick, Nicky van; Dietvorst, M.; Van Oort, I.A.M; Claessens, Remco L.A.; Janssen, Rob P.A.; Bogie, Rob; Norris, Richard. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation for the 10-to 18-Year-Old Adolescent Athlete Practice Guidelines Based on International Delphi Consensus. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2023, 11(7). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671231172454.
- Johns Hopkins Medicine. ACL Tears in Children. Available online: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/acl-injury-or-tear/pediatric-acl-tears. (accessed August 15, 2024).
- Wegmann, Helmut; Janout, Sophie; Novak, Michael; Kraus, Tanja; Castellani, Christoph; Singer Georg; Till, Holger. Surgical treatment of posterior cruciate ligament lesions does not cause growth disturbances in pediatric patients. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2018, 27, 2704–2709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5308-5.
- Moksnes, Håvard; Engebretsen, Lars; Risberg, May Arna. The current evidence for treatment of ACL injuries in children is low: a systematic review. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2012, 94(12), 1112–1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.00960.
- Park, Seung-Hwa;n Jung, Kwang-Hwan; Chang, Sung-Who; Jang, Sung-Min; Park, Ki-Bong. Trends in knee surgery research in the official journal of the Korean Knee Society during the period 1999–2018: a bibliometric review. Knee Surgery & Related Research 2020, 32, 28. https://kneesurgrelatres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s43019-020-00046-3.
- Gao, Jiaxiang; Xing, Dan; Dong, Shengjie; Lin, Jianhao. The primary total knee arthroplasty: a global analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2020, 15, 190. https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-020-01707-5.
- Dong, Shengjie; Zhao, Yu; Li, Jiao Jiao; Xing, Dan. Global Research Trends in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 2021, 55, 1335–1347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-021-00390-w.
- Gao, Jiaxiang; Xing, Dan; Dong, Shengjie; Lin, Jianhao. The primary total knee arthroplasty: a global analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2020, 15, 190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-01707-5.
- Kocher, Mininder; Garg, Sumeet; Micheli, Lyle J. Physeal sparing ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature prepubescent children and adolescents: surgical technique. Orthopedic Clinics of North America 2006, 34(4), 615–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200609001-00012.
- Jeon, Sang Hyun; Nho, Jin Young; Joo, Sun Young. Management of ACL injuries in children and adolescents. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2018, 97(7), 575–582. http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2018.53.3.193.
- Lang, Pamela J.; Sugimoto, Dai; Micheli, Lyle J. Prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in children. Journal of Sports Medicine 2017, 8, 133–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S133940.
- Johns Hopkins Medicine. Available online: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/articles/2015/07/sparing-the-growth-plate-in-acl-reconstruction (accessed August 15, 2024).
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Available online: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/acl-injuries-children-and-teens (accessed August 15, 2024).
- Verywell Health. Available online: https://www.verywellhealth.com/should-my-child-have-acl-surgery-2549215. (accessed on August 09, 2024).
- Leslie, William D. Ethnic Differences in Bone Mass—Clinical Implications. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2012, 97(12), 4329–4340. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2863.
- Alvarez, Paul M.; McKeon, John F.; Spitzer, Andrew I.; Krueger, Chad A.; Pigot, Matthew; Li, Mengnai: Vajapey, Sravya P. Socioeconomic factors affecting outcomes in total knee and hip arthroplasty: a systematic review on healthcare disparities. Arthroplasty 2022, 4, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42836-022-00137-4.
- Cleveland Clinic. https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/socioeconomic-disadvantage-not-race-drives-poor-outcomes-in-joint-replacement-shows-study (accessed on August 09, 2024).
- Davis, Edward T.; Lingard, Elizabeth A.; Schemitsch, Emil H.; Waddell, James P. Effects of socioeconomic status on patients' outcome after total knee arthroplasty. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 2008, 20(1), 40–46, https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm059.
- Woods, G. William; O’Connor, Daniel. P. Delayed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescents with Open Physes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503258868.
- Collins, Michael J.; Arns, Thomas: Leroux, Timothy; Black, Austin; Mascarenhas, Randy; Bach Jr. Bernard R.; Forsythe, Brian. Growth Abnormalities Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Skeletally Immature Patient: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2016, 32(8), 1714–1723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2016.02.025.
- Tang, C.; Kwaees, T.A.; Accadbled, F.; Turati, M.. Surgical techniques in the management of pediatric anterior cruciate ligament tears: Current concepts. Journal of Children s Orthopaedics 2023, 17(11). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18632521221149059.
- McConkey, Mark O.; Bonasia, Davide Edoardo; Amendola, Annunziato. Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 2011, 4, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-011-9076-9.
- Ramski, David E.; Kanj, Wajdi W.; Franklin, Corinna C.; Baldwin, Keith D.; Ganley, Theodore J. Anterior cruciate ligament tears in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of nonoperative versus operative treatment. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2013, 42(11), 2769–2776. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513510889.
- Hoetzel, J.; Preiss, A.; Heitmann, M.A.; Frosch, K.-H. Knee Joint Surgery in Children and Adolescents. European Journal of Trauma 2006, 32, 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1053/jars.2003.50038.
- Picard, Frederic. Computer assisted knee replacement surgery: is the movement mainstream? Orthopedic & Muscular System 2014, 3(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0533.1000153.
- Barber, F. Alan; Dockery, W.D.; Hrnack, Scott A. Long-term degradation of biodegradable implants: a scientific review. Arthroscopy, 2011, 27, 637–643, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.11.
- Stevens, Peter M. Guided Growth for Angular Correction: A Preliminary Series Using a Tension Band Plate. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2007, 27(3), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0b013e31803433a1.
- Pablo Castañeda 1, Bradford Urquhart, Elroy Sullivan, Richard J Haynes. Hemiepiphysiodesis for the correction of angular deformity about the knee. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2008, 28(2), 188–191. https://doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0b013e3181653ade.
- Richmond, John C.; Gladstone, James: MacGillivray, John. Continuous passive motion after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Comparison of short- versus long-term use. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 1991, 7(1) 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-8063(91)90076-A.
- Beynnon, Bruce D.; Johnson, Robert J.; Naud Shelly; Fleming, Braden C.; Abate Joseph A.; Brattbakk, Bjarne; Nichols, Claude E. Accelerated Versus Nonaccelerated Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Investigation Evaluating Knee Joint Laxity Using Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2011, 39(12), 2536–2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546511422349.
- Myer, Gregory; Ford, Kevin R.; Palumbo, Joseph P.; Hewett, Timothy E. Neuromuscular Training Improves Performance and Lower-Extremity Biomechanics in Female Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2005, 20(4), 889–896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/13643.1.
- Faigenbaum, Avery D.; Kraemer, William J.; Blimkie, Cameron J. R.; Jeffreys, Ian; Micheli, Lyle Joseph: Nitka, Mike; Rowland Thomas W. Youth Resistance Training: Updated Position Statement Paper From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2009, 23, S60–S79. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819df407.
- Lloyd, Rhodri; Oliver, Jon. The Youth Physical Development Model: A New Approach to Long-Term Athletic Development. Strength & Conditioning Journal 2012, 34(3), 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31825760ea.
- Codner, Michelle, Ames, Caroline, & Pluhar, Emily I. The Psychological Effects of Injury on Youth Athletes. In Psychological Considerations in the Young Athlete, Christino, M.A., Pluhar, E.I., & Micheli, L.J. Eds.; Springer: New York, USA, 2023. pp. 99-116.
- Wei, Suyeo & Wu, Zhihui. The Application of Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning Algorithms in Rehabilitation Training: A Systematic Review. Sensors 2023, 23(18), 7667. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187667.
- Lalehzarian, Simon P., Gowd, Anirudh K. & Liu, Joseph N. Machine Learning in Orthopaedic Surgery. World Journal of Orthopedics, 12(9), 685–699. https://doi.org/10.5312%2Fwjo.v12.i9.685.